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HPM Education - Haskell
  • Introduction to Haskell
  • Introduction
    • Functions
    • Functional Programming vs Imperative Programming
    • Installing Haskell
    • Haskell Modules
    • Loading Modules into GHCi
    • Expressions
    • Laziness
    • Immutability
  • Types in Haskell
    • Introduction
    • Basic Types
    • Static Type Check
    • Polymorphic and Overloaded Types
    • Data Structure Types
      • Lists
        • List Functions
      • Tuples
    • Function Types
      • Curried Functions
      • Partial Application
  • Defining Functions / Working with Functions
    • The Layout Rule
    • Local Definitions
    • The Infix Operator
    • Conditionals
      • If-then-else Statements
      • MultiWayIf
      • Guarded Equations
      • Case-of Statements
    • Pattern Matching
      • Tuple Patterns
      • List Patterns
    • Lambda functions
    • Function Operators
  • List Comprehensions
    • List Comprehensions
  • Higher-order Functions
    • Introduction
    • The map Function
    • The filter Function
  • Recursion
    • Introduction
    • 4 Steps to Defining Recursive Functions
    • Recursion Practice
    • Folds
      • Fold Right (foldr)
      • Fold Left (foldl)
  • Cutom Types
    • Declaring Types
      • Type Synonyms
      • Data Declarations
      • Newtype declarations
  • Type Classes
    • Introduction
    • Basic Classes
      • Eq – Equality Types
      • Ord – ordered types
      • Show – Showable Types
      • Read – readable types
      • Num – Numeric Types
      • Integral – Integral Types
      • Fractional – Fractional Types
      • Enum – Enumeration Types
    • Derived Instances
    • Exercise – Making a Card Deck Type
  • Interactive Programming
    • Introduction
    • Input / Output Actions
    • Sequencing Actions
    • Exercise - Numbers Guessing Game
  • Functors, Applicatives and Monads
    • Introduction
    • Functors
    • Applicative Functors
    • Monads
      • Maybe Monad
      • List Monad
      • Monad Laws
  • References / Further Reading
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  1. Cutom Types
  2. Declaring Types

Newtype declarations

A special case of a new type declaration newtype can be used if the type has a single constructor with a single argument. For example, a type for representing an IP address could be declared this way:

newtype IPAddress = IP String

The newtype is different from type because it defines a completely new type rather than just a synonym for an existing type such as:

type IPAddress = String

So any function that requires an IPAddress declared as a newtype will only work with that type, and not simply a String type.

When compared to data, the newtype has some efficiency benefits because it states that IPAddress is simply a wrapper for the value of an existing type String, whereas the data declaration:

data IPAddress = IP String

states that IPAddress is a completely new data type.

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Last updated 3 years ago

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